93- John H. Jackson, op.cit, p 59. ↑
94- باید توجه داشت كه تخصیص امتیاز با محدود كردن امتیاز متفاوت است. تخصیص موجب اعطای امتیاز به برخی كشورها و عدم اعطای آن به بقیه كشورها می شود، اما با محدود كردن، امتیاز با تعیین حدود و میزان به همه كشورهای ذینفع تعلق می گیرد. ↑
95 و 96 – بنابر بندهای 2 ، 7 و 22 ماده 18 الحاقی، تأسیس صنعتی خاص اشاره به تأسیس صنعت جدید، ایجاد شاخه جدید تولید در صنعت موجود، ‌تغییر اساسی در صنعت موجود، گسترش اساسی صنعت موجود یا بازسازی صنعتی كه در نتیجه مخاصمات یا بلایای طبیعی منهدم یا زیان اساسی دیده است، دارد. ↑
↑
97- Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, pp 61 – 62. ↑
98- Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, pp 59- 60. ↑
99- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, pp 16-17, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994,Article 3, para 120, Available at: http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/analytic_ index_e/gatt1994_e.htm ↑
100- Arthur Dunkel & Frieder Roessler, The Ranking of Trade Policy Instrument Under the GATT Legal System (on file with authors); Alan Sykes, Regulatory Protectionism and the Law of International Trade, 66 U. CHI. L. REV. 1, 10-13 (1999), Quoted in Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, p 60. ↑
101- Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, pp 60 & 61. ↑
102- Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, pp 62 & 63. ↑
103- ماده (1)3 موافقتنامه گات 1994 ↑
104- ماده (2)3 موافقتنامه گات 1994 ↑
105- ماده (4)3 موافقتنامه گات 1994 ↑
106- ماده (5)3 موافقتنامه گات 1994 ↑
107- ماده (9)3 موافقتنامه گات 1994 ↑
108- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, pp. 17-18, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 141. ↑
109- Panel Report on Argentina — Hides and Leather, para. 11.144, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 129. ↑
110- Panel Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, para. 6.15, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 130. ↑
111- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, pp. 16, 18 & 19, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, paras 128 & 131. ↑
112- Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, p 63. ↑
113- Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, pp 240 – 241. ↑
114- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, p.23. This finding was followed by the Panel on Argentina — Hides and Leather. Panel Report on Argentina – Hides and Leather, para. 11.243, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 175. ↑
115- Panel Report on Argentina — Hides and Leather, paras. 11.143-11.144, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 173. ↑
116- See the Working Party Report on Border Tax Adjustments, adopted on 2 December 1970, BISD 18S/97, at para. 14, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 188. ↑
117- Panel Report on Argentina — Hides and Leather, para. 11.159, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 188. ↑
118- Appellate Body Report on Canada — Periodicals, p. 18, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 187. ↑
119- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, p. 24, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 151. 120- Ibid,This part has been later cited and endorsed by the Appellate Body, in Appellate Body Report on Canada — Periodicals, pp. 24-25, and in Appellate Body Report on Chile — Alcoholic Beverages, para. 47, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 191. ↑
121- Appellate Body Report on Korea — Alcoholic Beverages, para. 118, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 211. ↑
122- Appellate Body Report on Canada — Periodicals, p. 19, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 147. ↑
123- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, p. 25, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 194. ↑
124- Appellate Body Report on Korea — Alcoholic Beverages, para. 134, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 196. ↑
125- Panel Report on Korea — Alcoholic Beverages, paras. 10.37-10.40, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 205. ↑
126- Extant Demand ↑
127- Potential Demand ↑
128- Appellate Body Report on Korea — Alcoholic Beverages, para. 116 & 119, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, paras 199 & 201. ↑
129- Panel Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, footnote 16, para. 6.28, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 202. ↑
130- Appellate Body Report on Canada — Periodicals, p. 28, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 204. ↑
131- Appellate Body Report on Korea — Alcoholic Beverages, para. 137, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 197. ↑
132- Panel Report on Korea – Alcoholic Beverages, para. 10.61, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 207. ↑
133- Appellate Body Report on Japan — Alcoholic Beverages II, pp 26-27, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 215. ↑
134- WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, paras 223 – 227. ↑
135- Appellate Body Report on Chile -Alcoholic Beverages, paras 71-72, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 227. ↑
136- Appellate Body Report on EC – Bananas III, para 216, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 230. ↑
137- Nicholas DiMascio & Joost Pauwelyn, op.cit, p 65. ↑
138- Appellate Body Report on EC – Asbestos, paras 98 – 99, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 237. ↑
139- Requirements ↑
140- Panel Report on India – Autos, para 7.174, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para256. ↑
141- Panel Report on Canada – Autos, paras 10.106 – 10.107, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 255. ↑
142- Appellate Body Report on EC – Bananas III, para 211, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 259. ↑
143- Panel Report on Canada – Autos, paras 10.80 & 10.84 – 10.85, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 260. ↑
144- Appellate Body Report on Korea – Various Measures on Beef, paras 135 – 137, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 267. ↑
145- Panel Report on US – Section 337, para 5.11, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, para 267. ↑
146- Panel Report on Argentina — Hides and Leather, , paras 11
.182, 11.245 & 11.260, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 3, paras 176, 177 & 180. ↑
147- ترجمه فارسی ماده 20 گات در بخش سوم، گفتار اول، بند اول بیان شده است. ↑
148- Chapeau ↑
149- Appellate Body Report on US — Gasoline, p. 22, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 20, para 583. ↑
150- Appellate Body Report on US — Shrimp, paras. 156 and 159, Quoted in WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: GATT 1994, Article 20, para 575. ↑
151- Ibid, para 150, Quoted in Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, p252. ↑
152- Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, pp 253, 256 – 258. ↑
153- Appellate Body Report on US – Shrimp, paras 172 – 17, Quoted in Ibid. ↑
154- Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, p 257. ↑
155- Appellate Body Report on US – Shrimp, para 184, Quoted in Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, pp 263 – 264. ↑
156- Ibid, para149,Quoted in Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, p 264. ↑
157- منظور از شرایط مناسب برای مقایسه، شرایطی است كه طبقه بندی كشورها بر اساس آن تبعیض غیرموجه یا خودسرانه­ای را تشكیل نمی دهد. ↑
158- Julia Ya Qin,op.cit, pp 262, 264 & 265. ↑
159- Ibid, pp 253 – 254. ↑
160- Appellate Body Report on US – Gasoline, paras 27 – 29, Quoted in Ibid, pp 254 & 267 – 268. ↑
161- Appellate Body Report on US – Shrimp, paras 172 & 176 – 182 quoted in Julia Ya Qin, op.cit, p269. ↑
162- Appellate Body Report on US – Gasoline, op.cit, para 23,نقل از فریده السادات چاوشی، پیشین، صص 151 – 152. ↑
163- Julia Ya Qin,op.cit, pp 262 – 263. ↑
164- Ibid, p 258. ↑
165- Panel Report on Argentina – Bovine Hides, para 570, Quoted in Ibid, p 259. ↑
166- Julia Ya Qin,op.cit, pp 258 – 260. ↑
167- Appellate Body Report on US – Shrimp, para 150, Quoted in Ibid, pp 260 – 261. ↑
168- Julia Ya Qin,op.cit, pp 261 – 262. ↑